Marshallese people have inhabited the Majuro Atoll for thousands of years. The indigenous Marshallese developed a deep connection with the surrounding ocean, relying on fishing, agriculture, and navigation skills to sustain their communities. European contact with the Marshall Islands began in the 16th century when Spanish explorers arrived. In the late 19th century, Majuro and the Marshall Islands came under German colonial rule.

After World War I, control of the islands, including Majuro Atoll, was transferred to Japan under a League of Nations mandate. During World War II, Majuro Atoll was occupied by Japanese forces until it was liberated by the United States in 1944. Following the war, the Marshall Islands became part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, administered by the United States.

As part of the decentralization process and the effort to provide effective local governance, the Majuro Atoll Local Government was established. The local government system in Majuro Atoll was developed to address the specific needs and interests of the local community. The primary purpose of the Majuro Atoll Local Government is to oversee the administration and management of the atoll, ensuring the delivery of essential services and effective governance. Establishing the Majuro Atoll Local Government brought decision-making power closer to the atoll residents. It aimed to provide a platform for local leaders to address local issues, develop plans, and promote the community's well-being. The local government structure includes the Office of the Mayor, departments, and offices responsible for various functions such as finance, public works, planning and development, health and social services, public safety, education and culture, and sports.